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Nutritional factor vitamin K, a fat-soluble vitamin, has been suggested to prevent bone fracture with osteoporosis. There is growing evidence that nutritional and functional food factors have been demonstrated to regulate bone homeostasis and reveal preventive and restorative effects on bone loss with various pathophysiologic conditions. Deficiency in both micronutrients and macronutrients has been suggested to be important factors affecting on bone fracture in the osteoporotic elderly. Moreover, malnutrition or undernutrition is often observed in the elderly, and this nutritional state is more intense in patients with bone fracture than in the general aging population. Postmenopausal osteoporosis, which is induced by ovarian hormone deficiency in women after menopause, leads to severe bone destruction with increasing age. The most dramatic expression of the disease is represented by bone fractures. Osteoporosis with bone loss is widely recognized as a major public health threat. Numerous pathological processes have been shown to stimulate bone resorption and suppress bone formation, leading to bone loss. Osteoblasts promote bone formation and osteoclasts stimulate bone resorption. Introductionīone homeostasis is mainly regulated by osteoblasts, osteocytes and osteoclasts. This review will discuss the role of dietary MK-7 in the prevention of osteoporosis. Moreover, dietary intake of MK-7 has been shown to reveal potential preventive effects on bone loss in osteoporosis animal models and postmenopausal women. MK-7 suppresses activation of NF-κB signaling pathways in osteoblasts and osteoclasts. MK-7 regulates the gene expression of various proteins, which are related to cellular functions in osteblastic and osteoclastic cells. Menaquinone-7 (MK-7), a kind of vitamin K 2, has been shown to reveal stimulatory effects on osteoblastic bone formation and suppressive effects on osteoclastic bone resorption in vitro.MK-7 stimulates protein synthesis (including osteocalcin and other protein molecules) in osteoblastic cells.
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Nutrition and functional food factors may play a role in the prevention of bone loss. Bone loss with various pathophysiologic states leads to osteoporosis. Bone loss with aging is due to decreased osteoblastic bone formation and increased osteoclastic bone resorption.
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Bone homeostasis is mainly regulated by osteoblasts, osteocytes and osteoclasts.
![Homeostatic mechanisms in bone density](https://kumkoniak.com/45.jpg)